Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published an access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published an access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published an access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published an access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published an access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Because its vaccine must be stored at -80ºC, Pfizer is developing ways to distribute its vaccine itself. They do this independently from states.

Arlene Weintraub, ‘Pfizer Goes Solo on US Shot Distribution, opting out of government channels’ (FiercePharma, 4 November 2020) accessed 17 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published a global access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published a global access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published a global access plan.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published an access plan.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has published its leading principles on Covid-19 antibody pricing and access.

CEO Dave Ricks Shares Lilly's Principles of COVID-19 Antibody Therapy Pricing and Access’ (Eli Lilly, 28 October 2020) accessed 16 December 2020

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	A1. Publishes a global access plan for its product.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published a global access plan.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
In its code of conduct and ethics they state: ‘...we are committed to upholding international agreements such as those aimed at protecting human rights…’ it is not clear which international agreements they are upholding, nor how they are upholding these.

Resource:
CureVac, ‘Code of Conduct and Ethics’ (CureVac) accessed 02 February 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
The company has published a document in which they state that the Biomedical Ethics Committee is acting in accordance with the following documents (via Google translate):

1. Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association
2. Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993 to becomeI 21)
3.Russian Federal Law "Basics of Russian Law Federation on Citizens' Health" (1993)
4. Federal Medicines Act;
5. About the OST 42-511-99 "Rules for conducting quality clinical trials in the Russian Federation"approved by the Ministry of Health in 1998.
6. Russian Federation National Standard "Good Clinical Practice" (GOST P52379-2005). This document complies with GCP rules, and its 3rd section is devoted to the order of ethics committees.
7. Order of June 19. N 266 "On the approval of the rules of clinical practice in the Russian Federation"; 2003 г
8.Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No.774n of August 31, 2010 "On the Ethics Council"
9.Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No.753n "On the approval of the order of organization and conduct of an ethical examination of the possibility of conducting a clinical examination of a drug for medical use and a form of conclusion of the Ethics Council"
10.Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No.775n "On the approval of the procedure for reviewing the report on the need to make changes in the protocol of clinical examination of the drug for medical use"
11. Russian Federal Law No.152-Fz of July 27, 2006 "On Personal Data"

These documents do not include an explicit human rights statement (the Russian Constitution contains human rights, but that does not make this an explicit statement to adhere to HR).

Resource:
https://gamaleya.org/en/about/eticheskiy-komitet/

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published a statement on human rights.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
A statement on human rights is unavailable.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Pfizer states it acts in line with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Also BioNTech commits to comply.

BioNTech, ‘Code of Conduct Business & Ethics’ (BioNTech) accessed 1 December 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
States it is guided by the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

AstraZeneca, ‘Human Rights Statement’ (AstraZeneca) accessed 30 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has not published such a statement.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
States it is guided by the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

Johnson & Johnson, ‘Position on Human Rights’ (Johnson & Johnson, last updated April 2018) accessed 1 December 2020.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Regeneron has published a statement on human rights, but does not state that it endorses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

‘Regeneron Position Statement on Human Rights’ (Regeneron, last updated November 2020) accessed 20 January 2021.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to comply with human rights.

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	A2. Commits to comply with human rights standards in product development & marketing
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Has published a code of ethics, but this code does not mention human rights anywhere.

‘Gilead Sciences, Inc. Code of Ethics’ (Gilead) accessed 20 January 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not support C-TAP or MPP.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to support C-TAP/MPP.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not support C-TAP or MPP.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to support C-TAP/MPP.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to support C-TAP/MPP.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
At the IFPMA forum in May, Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla stated: ‘’At this point in time, I think it’s nonsense, and... it’s also dangerous. Companies are “investing billions to find a solution and, keep in mind, if you have a discovery, we are going to take your (intellectual property), I think, is dangerous.’’ The company has now showed any factual support to a responsible licensing mechanism.

Pfizer gave a similar message in their response to our questionnaire: 'Het patentsysteem stelt Pfizer in staat om een infrastructuur op te bouwen die ons in staat stelde om
snel de middelen, technische expertise en kennis te mobiliseren die nodig zijn om de pandemie te bestrijden. Het behoud van dat systeem is de brandstof voor de volgende generatie oplossingen en stelt ons in staat om elke toekomstige crisis aan te pakken. In overeenstemming met deze overtuiging hebben we patentbescherming gevraagd voor potentiële therapeutische verbindingen en
vaccins die worden onderzocht voor activiteiten tegen COVID-19 en we zullen dat blijven doen. Het aanvragen van patentbescherming draagt er bijvoorbeeld toe bij dat Pfizer niet vatbaar is voor kwaadwillende actoren die zouden kunnen profiteren van het gat in de patenten om onze productie van behandelingen en vaccins te blokkeren. Tegelijkertijd biedt het ons een mechanisme om, indien nodig, samen te werken om de pandemie aan te pakken. Het patentsysteem beschermt ook de kwaliteit en veiligheid van producten. Dit is in het bijzonder bij de ontwikkeling van geneesmiddelen en vaccins van groot belang.'

Ed Silverman, ‘Pharma leaders shoot down WHO voluntary pool for patent rights on Covid-19 products’ (Statnews, 28 May 2020) accessed 12 November 2020; IFPMA, ‘Global Biopharma CEO/Top Executives COVID-19 Media Briefing’ (Youtube, 28 May 2020) accessed 12 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
When asked about AZ’s support of MPP or C-TAP at a IFPMA forum in May, CEO Pascal Soirot stated that ‘’intellectual property is a fundamental part of our industry and if you don’t protect IP, then essentially, there is no incentive for anybody to innovate.’’ AZ has not demonstrated any factual support to a responsible licensing mechanism.

Their response to our questionnaire had a similar message: ‘To deliver on our commitment to broad and equitable access and accelerate vaccine production, we have enabled technology transfer to more than 20 different supply partners across more than 15 countries across the globe.
Vaccine manufacturing is highly complex, and accelerating production at this kind of scale and speed requires partners around the world with capabilities to manufacture using our standard process to ensure consistency and quality of the vaccine. This network was designed with our broad understanding of global supplier capabilities, combined with a focus on local manufacturing where possible and a drive to balance speed of supply with affordable costs to enable us to deliver on our no profit pledge.
We have built a global supply network adhering to the highest quality and safety standards with a capacity so far towards three billion doses, the majority of which will be directed to low and middle income countries.
IP is not a rate limiting step to large volumes of the potential vaccine, and IP for vaccines has not presented a substantive barrier to serve some of the most underserved communities globally, as demonstrated by the success of Gavi and its partners.’

Ed Silverman, ‘Pharma leaders shoot down WHO voluntary pool for patent rights on Covid-19 products’ (Statnews, 28 May 2020). accessed 12 November 2020; IFPMA, ‘Global Biopharma CEO/Top Executives COVID-19 Media Briefing’ (Youtube, 28 May 2020) accessed 12 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Company has not shown evidence of supporting a responsible licensing mechanism.

Oxfam International, ‘Moderna can be a genuine game-changer —if it shares COVID-19 vaccine’ (Oxfam, 16 November 2020) accessed 17 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Published a statement of support to C-TAP on 14 April, but has not committed anything after that. Janssen Vice-President Bart van Zijll confirmed that J&J is not supporting patent pools.

Johnson & Johnson, ‘Statement of Support on Access to New COVID-19 Tools’ (J&J, 14 April 2020) accessed 28 November 2020.

de Balie, ‘Turning Tables: Een Vaccin voor Iedereen?’ (de Balie, 07 December 2020) accessed 07 December 2020.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Company does not demonstrate any evidence of collaborating with a responsible licensing mechanism.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not demonstrate any evidence of collaborating with a responsible licensing mechanism.

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	C1. The company commits to C-TAP or MPP
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to supporting a responsible licencing mechanism.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
CEO Haas encourages the temporary suspension of patents on vaccines in the pandemic phase. However, Curevac itself seems to keep holding on to its patent rights.

Resource:
Joachim Dorfs & Anne Guhlich, ‘Curevac: Patente für Impfstoffe aussetzen’ (Stuttgarter Zeitung, 16 December 2020) accessed 18 February 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforce its patent rights.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforce its patent rights.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforce its patent rights.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforce its patent rights.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforce its patent rights.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Green

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Norm Explanation:
Vows not to enforce its patent rights non-exclusively during the pandemic and is willing to license them to others after the pandemic.

‘Statement by Moderna on Intellectual Property Matters during the COVID-19 Pandemic’ (Moderna, 8 October 2020) accessed 15 December 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforcing its patent rights.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Seems to enforce all patent rights normally.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to not enforce its exclusive patent rights for Bamlanivimab.

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	C2. Commits to not enforcing the exclusive rights of Covid-19 related patents.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Gilead has signed non-exclusive voluntary licenses with 127 (mostly) LMICs. This implies the non-enforcement of patent rights.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not supply COVAX with its product.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Is currently engaging in discussions with COVAX.

Resource:
https://www.devex.com/news/covax-will-be-a-small-part-of-russia-s-sputnik-v-portfolio-fund-ceo-says-98964

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Green

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Norm Explanation:
Has signed a memorandum of understanding with COVAX.

Resources:
WHO, ‘COVAX Announces additional deals to access promising COVID-19 vaccine candidates; plans global rollout starting Q1 2021’ (WHO, 18 December 2020) accessed 18 February 2021; ‘Novavax Announces Memorandum of Understanding with Gavi for Cumulative Supply to COVAX
Facility of 1.1 Billion Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine’ (Novavax, 18 February 2021) accessed 18 February 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Is currently engaging in discussions with COVAX.

Resource:
https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-china-who/chinas-covid-19-vaccine-makers-apply-to-join-covax-scheme-idINKBN29P0SZ

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Is currently engaging in discussions with COVAX.

Resource:
https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-china-who/chinas-covid-19-vaccine-makers-apply-to-join-covax-scheme-idINKBN29P0SZ

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Pfizer is willing to supply COVAX with its vaccine, but they have not yet signed a supply agreement with COVAX. This was confirmed in their response to our questionnaire: '‘Pfizer zet zich in voor een rechtvaardige en betaalbare toegang tot COVID-19-vaccins voor alle mensen over de hele wereld. Wij zijn van mening dat dit een collectieve verantwoordelijkheid is die vraagt om gecoördineerde actie van publieke en private belanghebbenden om een einde te maken aan de COVID-19-pandemie. Daarom voeren we een progressief prijsbeleid waarbij landen met een gemiddeld hoog inkomen meer betalen dan landen met een laag inkomen. Voor de 92 landen met de laagste inkomens, zoals gedefinieerd door de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO), bieden wij ons vaccin tegen kostprijs aan. Daarom hebben we aan Gavi, het CEPI en de WHO aangekondigd dat we vaccins willen leveren aan hun COVAX-faciliteit. Het doel van de COVAX-faciliteit is om overheden in een vroeg stadium toegang te geven tot een grote portefeuille van kandidaat-vaccins voor COVID-19 met behulp van verschillende technologieplatforms, geproduceerd door meerdere fabrikanten over de hele wereld. Op dit moment zijn er geen volume- of prijstoezeggingen bevestigd tussen de COVAX-faciliteit en Pfizer.’

Teena Thacker, ‘Pfizer starts talks with Covax facility for equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine’ (Indian Times, 12 November 2020) accessed 28 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Green

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Norm Explanation:
Company has agreements with Serum Institute India (SII), CEPI and GAVI to supply 400m doses to 92 AMCs through COVAX.

‘AstraZeneca takes next steps towards broad and equitable access to Oxford University’s COVID-19 vaccine’ (AstraZeneca, 4 June 2020) accessed 12 November 2020; GAVI, ‘New collaboration makes further 100 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine available to low- and middle-income countries’ (GAVI, 29 September 2020) accessed 29 September 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Discussions with COVAX are ongoing. Vaccine might become available to the facility though CEPI.

Moderna, ‘Moderna Reports Third Quarter 2020 Financial Results and Provides Business Updates’ (Moderna, 29 October 2020) accessed 28 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Johnson & Johnson has an agreement in principle with Gavi to supply Janssen’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate to COVAX.

Johnson & Johnson, ‘Johnson & Johnson Announces Agreement in Principle with Gavi to Supply Janssen’s COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate to Lower-Income Countries in 2021’ (J&J, 18 December 2020) accessed 20 January 2021.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	C3. Supplies to, or signs agreements with, the vaccines or therapeutics pillar of the ACT Accelerator.
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Grey

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Norm Explanation:
No public available information found. Please feel free to point us in the right direction by leaving a reply.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
No proof that Regeneron shares the API of the product with other manufacturers.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not make the API for Bamlanivimab available to other manufacturers.

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	E1. The company makes the active ingredient available on reasonable grounds. [ therapeutics only]
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not make the API for Remdesivir available to other producers.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Does technology transfer to a limited number of licensees.

Resources:
Donato Paulo Mancini & Richard Henderson, ‘GSK and CureVac to develop vaccines to tackle Covid variants’ (Financial Times, 3 February 2021) accessed 18 February 2021; Angus Liu, ‘Manufacturing GSK inks deal to produce CureVac's COVID-19 vaccine—and develop a next-gen version, too’ (Fierce Pharma, 3 February 2021) accessed 18 February 2021; Kyle Blankenship, ‘CureVac ties up Wacker to churn out more than 100M doses of mRNA coronavirus vaccine’ (Fierce Pharma, 25 November 2020) accessed 18 February 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has signed manufacturing contracts with partners in different middle income countries, such as Brazil , China , India , Kazachstan , Malaysia , South Korea and Russia.
- Is collaborating with AstraZeneca to combine their vaccines (which also requires the transfer of technology.

Resources:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-sputnik-idUSKBN29D2XM
https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-vaccine-russia-idUSKBN27R21E
https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/pharma/rdif-hetero-to-produce-over-100-million-doses-of-sputnik-v-vaccine-in-india/79443469; https://www.contractpharma.com/contents/view_online-exclusives/2020-10-20/india-emerges-as-hot-spot-for-manufacturing-covid-19-vaccines/
https://tass.com/economy/1237699; https://www.ruptly.tv/en/videos/20201221-017-Kazakhstan--Production-of-Russia-s-Sputnik-V-vaccine-begins-in-Karaganda
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2021/01/26/health-ministry-malaysia-secures-18.4-million-doses-of-russian-chinese-covi/1944232
https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-russia-vaccine-idINKBN27T0KO;
https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2020-11-26/russian-vaccines-a-production-bottleneck; https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/russias-covid-19-vaccine-to-enter-production-deliver-first-batch-of-doses-in-two-weeks-8700091.html; https://www.cleanroomtechnology.com/news/article_page/Wiskind_assists_Moscow_R-Pharm_to_build_Covid-19_vaccine_plant/173321; https://tass.com/society/1225549;
https://aebrus.ru/en/news_covid19/recent/astrazeneca_and_the_gamaleya_center_signed_a_memorandum_of_cooperation/

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has multiple sublicensees in different geographical areas.

Resources:
Government of Canada, ‘COVID-19 response: Building the infrastructure’ (Government of Canada) accessed 18 February 2021; Novavax Expands Large-Scale Global Manufacturing Capacity’ (Novavax, 27 May 2020) accessed 18 February 2021; Pharma manufacturing, ‘ Novavax doubles COVID vax manufacturing capacity’ (Pharma manufacturing, 15 September 2020) accessed 18 February 2021; ‘Novavax and SK bioscience Announce Collaboration for Novavax’ COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate’ (Novavax, 13 August 2020) accessed 18 February 2021; Fuijfilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, ‘Novavax and UK Government Announce Collaboration and Purchase Agreement for Novavax’ COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate’ (Fuijfilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, 14 August 2020) accessed 18 February 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has manufacturing agreements with companies in UAE , Egypt and Morocco .

Resources:
https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-emirates-vaccine-int-idUSKBN26T1N5
https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/95296/Chinese-COVID-19-vaccine-effective-Egypt%E2%80%99s-MoH
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/morocco-acquires-65-million-vaccine-doses-china-uk-74909599

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has signed manufacturing contracts with Butanan Institute (Brazil) and Bio Farma (Indonesia).

Resources:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-sinovac-idUSKBN27P24K;
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-indonesia-idUSKBN29G0RP

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to full technology transfer to other companies.

‘Pfizer and BioNTech to Co-Develop Potential Covid-19 Vaccine’ (Pfizer, 17 March 2020) accessed 29 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Does commit to technology transfer with territorial restrictions.

AstraZeneca, ’Established supply capacity to enable broad, equitable access towards 3bn doses worldwide’ (AstraZeneca) accessed 28 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has signed an agreement with the South African firm Aspen to produce 300m doses on the African continent.

David Thomas, ‘Aspen signs Covid vaccine deal with Johnson & Johnson’ (African Business, 2 November 2020) accessed 29 November 2020.

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Medicine:	Casirivimab + imdevimab Regeneron
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Is collaborating with Roche, and does technology transfer to them.

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Medicine:	Bamlanivimab Ely Lilly
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
No proof of commitment to full technology transfer.

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Medicine:	Remdesivir Gilead
Criteria:	E2. Commits to full technology transfer to other manufacturers.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
Has signed 127 non-exclusive licenses, under which the companies have a right to receive a transfer of technology.

Gilead, ‘Voluntary Licensing Agreements for Remdesivir’ (Gilead) accessed 20 January 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine CureVac
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
States there will be a small profit margin on the vaccine price, because investors have been putting money into the company for many years. However, they state that despite its competitive price, it will preserve an ethical margin.

Resource:
Donato Paolo Mancini & Richard Henderson, ‘CureVac vows ‘ethical margin’ on price of Covid-19 vaccine’ (Financial Times, 16 August 2020) accessed 18 February 2021.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Gamaleya Research Institute
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
No evidence of non-profit pricing

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Novavax
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
Does not commit to non-profit pricing.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinopharm
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
No evidence of non-profit pricing.

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Sinovac
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
No evidence of non-profit pricing.

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Pfizer
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Yellow

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Norm Explanation:
States it will make a small profit from the vaccine.
Stated in their response to our questionnaire: ‘Hoge- en middeninkomenslanden zullen meer betalen dan lage-inkomenslanden. Lage en lagere middeninkomenslanden zullen een prijs zonder winstoogmerk betalen’ en ‘voor de 92 landen met de laagste inkomens, zoals gedefinieerd door de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO), bieden wij ons vaccin tegen kostprijs aan. Daarom hebben we aan Gavi, het CEPI en de WHO aangekondigd dat we vaccins willen leveren aan hun COVAX-faciliteit.

Eben Shapiro, ‘Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla Raises Expectations That the Pharmaceutical Giant Can Deliver a COVID-19 Vaccine by Fall’ (TIME, 9 July 2020)

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Medicine:	Covid 19 Vaccine Oxford / Astra Zeneca
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Green

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Norm Explanation:
Agreed with Oxford University and Vaccitech to operate at a non-for-profit basis for the duration of the pandemic. Licensing agreement with FioCruz does however contain a provision saying that AstraZeneca may declare the pandemic over by 9 July 2021.

Their response to our questionnaire held: ‘’AstraZeneca is committed to supplying affordable, global access at no profit during the pandemic period and has committed to ensuring that the most resource constrained countries have continued access to not for profit price levels in perpetuity.’’

Vaccitech and Oxford University announce landmark partnership with AstraZeneca for the development and large-scale distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate’ (Vaccitech, 30 April 2020) accessed 29 November 2020

Donato Paolo Mancini, ‘AstraZeneca Vaccine Document Shows Limit of Non-Profit Pledge’ (Financial Times, 7 October 2020) https://www.ft.com/content/c474f9e1-8807-4e57-9c79-6f4af145b686? accessed 17 November 2020; FioCruz & AstraZeneca, Technological Order Agreement Term № 01/2020, accessible at <https://agencia.fiocruz.br/sites/agencia.fiocruz.br/files/u34/contrato_etec.pdf.

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Medicine:	Covid-19 vaccine Modernaa
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Red

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Norm Explanation:
States it will make profit from the vaccine.

Donato Paolo Mancini, Clive Cookson & Hannah Kuchler, ‘Moderna Pitches Virus Vaccine at $50-$60 per Course’ (Financial Times, 28 July 2020)

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Medicine:	Covid - 19 Vaccine Johnson & Johnson
Criteria:	E3. Commits to non-profit or 'fair' pricing.
Norm:	Green

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Norm Explanation:
Macaya Douoguih, Head of Clinical Development and Medical Affairs stated in a testimony submitted to the Oversight & Investigation subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives Energy & Commerce Committee that J&J will sell the vaccine at a non-for-profit price. Confirmed by Janssen VP.

Johnson & Johnson, ‘Testimony of Macaya Douoguih,M.D., M.P.H. Head of Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention Johnson & Johnson Submitted to the Oversight & Investigation Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives Energy & Commerce Committee (J&J, 21 July 2020).

de Balie, ‘Turning Tables: Een Vaccin voor Iedereen?’ (de Balie, 07 December 2020) accessed 07 December 2020.

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